Compression ratio refers to the ratio between the total volume of the cylinder and the volume of the combustion chamber, which indicates the degree of gas compression in the cylinder when the piston moves from the lower stop to the upper stop. Compression ratio is an important parameter to measure the performance of automobile engine. In the American society of automotive engineers standards SAEJ 687 c for automobile is defined as: power driven by itself, with a driving device, can in a fixed orbit outside the road or on regional transport passenger and cargo or vehicle traction vehicles. Cars are divided into bicycles and trains according to the overall structure. Cycling is a basic form. 4 x 2, 6 x 4, 4 x 4 and 6 x 6 are used to represent the driving characteristics. The previous number represents the total number of wheels (double tire and still count a wheel), and the latter number indicates the number of driving wheels. If all wheels are driven wheels are called all-wheel drive vehicles. The train is made up of a tractor or a bicycle trailer or semi-trailer. Car generally can be divided into the following categories, according to the use cars, buses, freight cars (commonly known as the truck), off-road vehicle, traction motor, dump truck, special vehicles, semi-trailer and special semi-trailer. 4. The determination of accounting earnings shall follow the principle of revenue confirmation. The current accounting practice and the law's view of earnings are still: only after the relevant conditions of the asset value increase are met, the benefits can be generated. Income and appreciation must be measured objectively, determined or unalterable, and must be verified through some business or accounting matters. In other words, the determination of accounting income should be based on the following two principles: the realization principle of income determination and the prudent principle of income determination. According to the realization principle of revenue recognition, the enterprise income should be divided into operating income and profit and loss. The determination of operating earnings must happen in selling goods or services and other key issues, and the profit and loss refers to the production of the assets held realized gains and losses, unrealized gains and losses caused by price change is not confirmed. According to the principle of steady earnings determine when a has a variety of economic business accounting methods for when the choice, should choose the most don't overestimate the method of income, it should not be overestimated revenues and should not be underestimated cost two aspects. According to Jerome McCarthy, "basic marketing" : a market is a group of potential customers with the same needs; They are willing to trade the goods or services offered by the seller in exchange for something of value, which is the way to meet the demand. 2. Predictability. The plan is made before the action, which aims to achieve the goals of the future, and to accomplish the next tasks and tasks. The plan should also be linked to capital management in addition to the analysis of market objectives Loading may be the work which is invested in a work centre. For example, time might be lost while changing over from making one component to another. If your machine breaks down, it won't be available. If there is machine reliability data available, this should also be considered. Sometimes the equipment might be awaiting parts to arrive or be 'idling' for many other reason. Other losses could have an allowance for the machine being run below its optimum speed plus an allowance to the 'quality losses' or defects which your machine may produce. Of course, several losses should be small or non-existent in the well-managed operation. Finite loading is an approach which only allocates work to a work up to set limit. This limit is the estimate of capacity for that work centre (in line with the times designed for loading). Infinite loading can be an way of loading work which doesn't limit accepting work, but instead tries to handle it. Numerous systems are available which may provide ROI for electronic solutions, but it is crucial that you select a system that's most reliable and meets a company's requirements. The roi ought to be considerably in excess of the price necessary to solve problems in traditional manufacturing systems. The costs incurred on implementing a whole new system add the initial prices, maintenance upgrade fees, staff training costs, as well as the lack of productivity even though the new system is installed. Additionally, an extension cord may be required to further train staff if employees have a problem with the transition outside the paper system. The time and costs essential for implementing a new system should be balanced using the improvements to the productivity and streamlined processes which can be achieved through electronic manufacturing.