Historical costs differ from current values 2. Accounting earnings are based on the assumption of accounting instalments, which refers to the production and operation results of a certain period of time. Early accounting earnings is calculated according to the cash basis, and the modern accounting earnings is according to the classification current income and expenses of accrual basis, after the appropriate ratio calculated. However, the benefits of cash determination are more acceptable to users. Accounting earnings include only realized gains, and exclude unrealized gains and losses, the economic benefits will be enterprise's operating earnings and are favorable to the same treatment, regardless of whether they have been implemented. Thus, in general, accounting gains are less than economic gains, and the difference is mainly in the interest. Fabricated and installed by Dortech Architectural Systems Ltd, Senior’s patented PURe® aluminium folding sliding doors feature as part of a stunning extension to Ms Stephen’s home. Offering slim sightlines that maximise views of the property’s pretty garden, the narrow yet robust aluminium frames of the PURe® doors have been powder-coated to provide an attractive brown finish that further complements and connects with the outdoor space. Compression ratio As hicks income concept did not specify what is called "equal wealth", and thus the income concept formed the basis of many debates concept, and the theory of accounting earnings, especially the capital preservation theory has a great influence. In accounting, people used to call "maintaining the same level of affluence" as capital preservation. First of all, it costs transaction cost for the manufacturer to purchase intermediate products in the market. It includes the cost of seeking suitable suppliers, signing contracts and supervising contract execution. If the manufacturer can produce some intermediate products within the enterprise itself, it can eliminate or reduce some transaction costs, and can better guarantee the quality of the products. Second, if the manufacturers need is a special type of specialized equipment, the supplier does not generally willing to specialize in only a buyer of the product of the investment and production, because this kind of proprietary investment risk is bigger. Therefore, vendors that need this specialized device need to solve the problem of specialized devices within the enterprise. In the end, the manufacturers hire employees with specialized skills, such as specialized product design, cost management, and quality control, and establish long-term contractual relationships with them. This can be more beneficial than buying the corresponding services from other vendors, thereby eliminating or reducing the corresponding transaction costs.