It is not obvious in some analyses, but it is important to note that economic profits include opportunity costs. The profit of an entrepreneur (normal profit) is usually positive, but economic profit can be either positive or negative (loss). That's why the opportunity cost is included: in a completely competitive market, when marginal cost equals marginal revenue, profit maximization or loss minimization conditions arise. If the market price is lower than the total average cost, which means that the economic profit is negative, the entrepreneur needs to compare the value of the loss and the average variable cost. If the business continues to operate, the negative economic profit must not be lower than the average variable cost, otherwise the entrepreneur would rather shut down the company than continue to take the loss. 7. Efficiency. The efficiency of the plan mainly refers to the time and economy. (3) monetary benefits -- increase the monetary value of assets. There are both measurable and unquantifiable benefits in these three different forms of income. Among them: mental income is too strong to measure, monetary gain is easy to measure because of the static concept of value change. Economists, therefore, focus only on actual earnings. These managerial accounting questions relate to effective cost assignment and optimal spending budget tips for a company enterprise-the appropriate mix of costs management strategies that maximizes the return on investment and shareholders' wealth while minimizing the price tag on operations, simultaneously. First of all, the earnings of the fund in 2017 are in an uncertain environment. The first half of the market is in a period of "cash shortage". Towards the end of the year, the central bank started to fight for the "money shortage", so monetary policy eased and interbank money market rates fell. As a result, yu 'ebao's yields suddenly fell below the 4 per cent mark. Microsoft's Surface Pro, Surface Laptop, Surface Book and Surface Studio are the main products of Microsoft's Surface series, but there is a clear difference in the share of the devices. The Surface Pro products account for the highest share (79.9%), the Surface Book (7.5%), Surface Laptop (2.0%), and Surface Studio (0.2%).