International Bank Transfers are often called global ACH. However, in fact, the actual term ACH, which means the Automated Clearing House network, is the term for electronic funds transfers only in the United States and Canada. But, functionality, international bank transfers are analogous to ACH. Most western interest-rate determinism focuses on the analysis of supply and demand comparisons, arguing that interest rates are a price. The difference lies in what supply and demand determines interest rates. For example, Marshall's real interest rate theory emphasizes the real factors of non-monetary factors - productivity and the role of economy in determining interest rate decisions. Productivity is expressed by marginal propensity to invest, and the marginal propensity to save is expressed. The international monetary fund has strongly defended its gloomy forecast of the UK after brexit, saying a warning of a slowdown in growth is imminent. Historically, the concept of income has first appeared in economics. Adam Smith, in the wealth of nations, defined income as "the amount of consumption that is not eroded by capital", and saw it as an increase in wealth. Later, most economists inherited and developed this view. 1890, ai (Alfred Marshall Maarshell) in its "the principles of economics," the Adam Smith's "wealth increase" enterprise, introduced the concept of earnings, is proposed to distinguish the entity capital and value-added benefits of economic benefits.