non profit governance
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non profit governance

In the early 20th century, famous American economist elvin fisher developed the theory of economic gain. In its book "the nature of capital and yield", first, the concept of yield is analyzed in terms of the performance of earnings, and three different types of benefits are proposed: The division of labor is becoming more and more elaborate, the process is more and more complicated, and the coordination is more strict. To put these complex organisms organized scientifically, make each link and department activities can join each other in time, space and Numbers, both around the overall objectives, and acted, coordinate each other, there must be a strict plan. The organization, coordination, control and so on in management, if there is no plan, is as unthinkable as the automobile assembly plant without the design of the process. The U.S. crude oil inventory unexpectedly fell 5.2 million barrels last week, pushing U.S. oil further higher, noted the zero hedge fund. U.S. crude stocks have declined for five consecutive weeks, while gasoline inventories have increased for five consecutive weeks. If there is a clear indication of an increase in the EIA Cushing crude inventory released on Wednesday (December 20), crude stocks could end the five consecutive decline. Before the law came into force, start-ups could only raise money from qualified investors, and everyone was eligible to become a start-up investor after the jobs bill came into force. In the early hours of Wednesday, crude oil inventories were down (though gasoline inventories rose), boosting U.S. oil prices, according to zero hedge, a leading financial blog. But oil inventories in the EIA fell by five weeks, while gasoline inventories rose in six weeks and oil prices were volatile. In addition, us crude oil output was at a record high. Currently, us oil is trading at $57.56. The oil was trading at $63.95, up 0.25%. Although an enterprise's internal trade fair eliminates or reduces some of the market transaction costs, it also brings with it the specific transaction costs of the enterprise. The main reason for this defect is also the incompleteness of information. Specifically, first, there are various contractual relationships among enterprises, including contractual relationship between enterprises and workers, contractual relationship between enterprises and managers, etc. The enterprise should supervise the work of the workers and products that it employs, as well as the managers and other personnel, and induces them to work hard for the enterprise. So, companies are signing contracts and spending on oversight and incentives. Secondly, on the one hand, corporate decision makers often need to obtain information from subordinates. On the other hand, the decision-making information of the upper level of the enterprise should be realized by passing it to the subordinate. The information transmission of these two different directions will be distorted by the increase of subordination of enterprise scale, resulting in the loss of enterprise efficiency. Once again, the subordinate of the enterprise often conceals or passes the wrong information to the superior for selfish motives, so that the superior can make decisions that benefit the subordinate. Or, the subordinate's decision to the superior only passes or executes the part that is advantageous to oneself. These will result in the loss of enterprise efficiency. Thus, the expansion of enterprises is limited. According to coase's theory, the scale of the enterprise should be expanded to this point, that is at this point to increase the cost of an internal exchange cost equals the cost through the market exchange cost and so on. The average interest rate on fixed-rate bonds has also increased. According to data firm Moneyfacts, the two-year average bond rate has risen by 41 percentage points, while the average price of three-year bonds has risen by 32 percentage points, as shown below.