5. Accounting earnings depend on the reasonable proportion of income and expenses during the period. Costs that are not associated with the current period should be incurred as assets to be transferred for later periods. The form of shares is the share certificate. Different types of joint-stock enterprises, the specific form of their share certificates are different. Among them, only the limited company is used to express the company shares the form is the stock. Stock shall be recorded according to the amount of capital represented by the shares and shall be recorded by shareholders' share of capital contribution and shareholder rights for the public subscription and transfer of transactions. Holding a stock means owning a stake in a limited company, acquiring a shareholder's qualification, and exercising shareholder rights. China's understanding of the market is mainly based on mechanical reference to western economic theory, but it ignores their assumptions and implicit assumptions. China's so-called mainstream economists' understanding of the market is more of a new classic. In other words, the market is an efficient allocation of social resources pricing mechanism. Although China has introduced new institutional economics, it has not read the meaning of "property rights", and mechanically believes that property rights are based on "stock of property".