The Code of Best Practice for Corporate Governance was introduced in 2002 and ever since it has become an important guide for Swiss companies in drafting their interior regulations in terms of company management. From a legal point of view, the main regulatory legal frameworks on company management are the Swiss Code of Obligations, the Federal Act on Mergers, Demergers, Transformations and Transfer of Assets and the Criminal Code.A company’s Articles of Association will also contain information about the shareholders’ rights and the management board’s duties and responsibilities. Public companies in Switzerland are subject to other regulations beside the ones mentioned previously. Among theses there are the Federal Ordinance against Excessive Compensation in Public Corporations and the Federal Act on Stock Exchanges and Securities Trading (SESTA).The shareholders of Swiss corporatesThe powers of shareholders in Swiss companies are defined in the company’s Articles of Association. The head of the company has the right to make decisions about company staffs. They only will elect and release the members in the management board, will also name the auditors of the company and are also involved in accounting matters, such as the approval of the annual financial statement. The shareholders will decide the company’s purpose and will make decisions in merger and acquisition cases or liquidation. Shareholders must hold an annual general shareholders’ meeting.Basically the top level management is the one establishing a company’s goals. They can only decide the course of action in order to achieve those goals and will decide the persons in charge with running the company’s business. Among the most important duties of the board of directors are the supervision of the company’s staff, the organization of the accounting system, the nomination and removal of the company’s management members and representatives. The board of directors must also draft the annual report and implement the general shareholders’ meeting resolutions. The board of directors will answer to the shareholders directly. There are no requirements regarding the number of the members of the board of directors, but it must be sufficient to ensure the efficiency of the decision making process. However, experienced individuals from different fields are recommended in order to ensure the company’s success.Special attention must be paid to the Swiss company management with minimum share capital when opening a company in Switzerland. You need 20,000 CHF if you want to register a limited liability company and 100,000 CHF for a joint stock company. There are situations in which special licenses or permit is required. These depend on the business activity the company will undertake.Swiss citizenship can be obtained by birth right, by marrying a Swiss national or by naturalization which is also the most common way. You need to live and work in Switzerland for 12 years before applying for a Swiss passport.Foreign citizen are required to obtain a Swiss work permit before coming to the country. For details about the application procedure you can ask our lawyers in Switzerland for help.Individuals are subject to the income tax which is calculated annually, while companies are subject to the corporate tax which is levied at federal and cantonal level. For details about the current tax rates applied to both companies and individuals please contact our law firm in Switzerland. You can also ask for our services in other legal matters.In ordinary offices, generally the front desk comprises of the most important staffers in a company. Most important staff members include managers and executivesThe one exception to this rule is the equity research department; it doesn't directly generate revenue, but it plays such a vital role in the decision-making process that these employees must work closely with people who invest clients' money. Researchers write reports about earnings prospects and companies that could benefit from investments. The practice of making tattoos through the native people of New Zealand is ancient; it existed before the coming of Europeans. Tattooing is among the most considerable events of Maori culture. The process of marking your body is named Ta Moko. These tattoos were worn to indicate something more important such as a rank, identity, family or tribal history, beauty and even more. The shapes and meanings of Moko are varied. All men a tattoo on their own face and so on the other parts of one's body except commoners and slaves. The right-side in the face marked the membership of the wearer?s father; around the left-side it signified the data about mother?s position and social rank. The male facial tattoo is divided into eight parts, each one has their unique name: Ngakaipikirau identifies rank, Ngunga shows the positioning, Uirere refers to hapu rank, Uma keeps the info about the first or the second marriage, Raurau marks the signature, Taiohou informs regarding the wearer?s occupation, Wairua identifies the mana and Taitoto shows the birth status.